Technology · Material Science

The Science Behind
High-Performance
Aerogel Materials

Nano-porous silica architecture. 90%+ air by volume. Thermal conductivity as low as 0.012 W/m·K. Understanding how structure, chemistry, and surface behavior combine to create the world's most advanced lightweight thermal barriers.

50–100 nm
Pore Diameter
>90%
Air Content
0.012
W/m·K Platform

What the Material
Is Made Of

Levron Aerogel is a silica-based, nano-porous solid — one of the lightest functional materials known to science. Its structure is fundamentally different from conventional thermal insulation: neither a dense fiber mat nor a closed-cell foam, but a three-dimensional network of silica particles enclosing billions of nano-scale air pockets.

More than 90% of the material volume is air. The remaining solid fraction — a silica skeleton with pore diameters of approximately 50–100 nm — provides structural integrity while creating the physical conditions that suppress heat transfer in every mode.

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Nano-Scale Pore Network

Pore diameters of 50–100 nm — smaller than the mean free path of air molecules at atmospheric pressure. This physical constraint is the key to suppressing gas-phase heat transfer.

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>90% Air by Volume

The ultra-porous structure means more than 90% of the material is simply trapped air. Despite being mostly air, the nano-scale architecture maintains structural and mechanical function.

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Silica Backbone Structure

The solid fraction is a continuous, three-dimensional silica network produced via sol-gel chemistry. This creates a rigid but lightweight skeleton that provides form, strength, and thermal resilience.

Material Composition by Volume Porosity: 90–95%
>90% Trapped Air
<10%
Entrapped nano-pore air (primary thermal barrier) SiO₂ skeleton
Property Description Value / Range
Platform Thermal Conductivity Heat transfer coefficient of the aerogel core material 0.012–0.016 W/m·K
Felt Product Thermal Conductivity Performance in composite felt product format 0.022–0.024 W/m·K
Porosity Percentage of volume occupied by air-filled pores 90–95%
Pore Diameter Average nano-pore size within the silica network 50–100 nm
Specific Heat Capacity Energy required to raise temperature per unit mass ~1000 J/kg·K
Density (Felt Context) Mass per unit volume in felt product configuration 300–1500 kg/m³
Water Contact Angle Superhydrophobic surface measurement ~165°
Hydrophobicity Range Temperature at which hydrophobic coating remains active Up to 650°C
Compressive Strength (Felt) Resistance to compression loading ~40 kPa
Special Configuration Range Maximum operating temperature with ceramic reinforcement Up to 1300°C

Why Aerogel Insulates
Better Than Anything Else

Heat moves through materials via three mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Aerogel's nano-porous structure suppresses all three — creating thermal protection that outperforms conventional insulation at a fraction of the thickness.

1000°C
Heat Source
AEROGEL BARRIER
50–100 nm pores
>90% trapped air
~25°C
Protected Side
Conduction Suppressed
Solid-phase heat transfer
The tortuous silica skeleton — representing less than 10% of the material volume — creates an extremely long and convoluted path for heat to travel through solid contact. With so little solid material and such an indirect path, conductive heat transfer is dramatically reduced compared to dense materials.
Convection Eliminated
Gas-phase circulation
Convection requires gas molecules to move freely and circulate in bulk. With pore diameters of 50–100 nm — smaller than the mean free path of air at atmospheric pressure (~68 nm) — gas molecules cannot develop convective flow patterns. Convection is effectively eliminated inside the aerogel.
Radiation Scattered
Infrared energy transfer
The nano-porous network creates billions of solid-gas interfaces that scatter and absorb infrared radiation, preventing direct radiative heat transfer through the material. At moderate temperatures, this further limits the already small radiative contribution.
Thickness Required for Equivalent Thermal Resistance
Levron Aerogel
~2 cm
Stone Wool
~6 cm
Glass Wool
~5–6 cm
"At the nano-scale, physics works differently. When pore sizes drop below the mean free path of air molecules, gas-phase convection ceases entirely — and the material begins to insulate better than still air itself."
— Structure-to-Performance Principle

Ten Properties That Define
Advanced Aerogel Performance

Each property is not independent — they emerge from the same nano-porous architecture. Understanding how structure produces these behaviors is the key to applying aerogel materials effectively in engineering systems.

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Low Thermal Conductivity
0.012–0.016 W/m·K
Among the lowest thermal conductivity values achievable in any solid material. Nano-scale pore confinement and tortuous solid pathways suppress all three heat transfer mechanisms simultaneously.
Core Thermal Property
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Ultra-High Porosity
90–95%
More than 90% of the material volume is air enclosed in nano-scale pores. This extreme porosity is the structural origin of low density, low conductivity, and high surface area.
Structural Property
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Low Density
Lightweight Architecture
The >90% air content results in an extraordinarily lightweight material. Even in composite felt form (300–1500 kg/m³), the aerogel enables significant weight savings versus conventional alternatives.
Mass Efficiency
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Superhydrophobicity
~165° Contact Angle
Surface chemistry modifications create superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle of approximately 165°. This remains active up to 650°C — far beyond most hydrophobic surface treatments.
Surface Chemistry
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Fire Resistance
A1 Fire Class (Felt)
The inorganic silica structure is inherently non-combustible. Published 1000°C flame-resistance narrative demonstrates extreme fire barrier capability with dramatically thinner material profiles.
Safety Performance
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High-Temperature Stability
Up to 1300°C (Special)
Standard configurations operate from -200°C to +650°C. With ceramic wool reinforcement, special configurations extend the operating range to 1300°C for extreme thermal environments.
Temperature Range
Thermal Shock Resistance
Rapid ΔT Tolerance
The nano-porous structure distributes thermal stress across billions of pore interfaces rather than concentrating it. This provides inherent resistance to sudden temperature changes.
Durability
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Low Thermal Expansion
Dimensional Stability
The open pore network accommodates thermal expansion internally, maintaining dimensional stability across wide temperature ranges. Critical for integration into precision-engineered systems.
Mechanical Stability
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High Surface Area
700+ m²/gram
Each gram of aerogel contains more than 700 m² of internal surface area — roughly the area of a basketball court. This creates potential for filtration, adsorption, and catalytic applications beyond thermal insulation.
Multifunctional
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Environmental Resilience
Long-Term Stability
Inorganic silica composition resists biological degradation, moisture-induced damage, and chemical attack. Combined with superhydrophobic surface chemistry, the material platform maintains performance integrity over decades of service — with no maintenance, no mold, and no bacteria growth. The inherent chemical inertness and environmental stability make it suitable for permanently installed systems where replacement is impractical or costly.
Longevity

Why Surface Behavior
Matters for Performance

Moisture is the silent enemy of insulation performance. When conventional materials absorb water, their effective thermal conductivity increases dramatically. Levron Aerogel's superhydrophobic surface chemistry ensures performance stability regardless of environmental conditions.

AEROGEL SURFACE 165°
165°
Superhydrophobic Contact Angle
Active hydrophobicity maintained up to 650°C
Levron Aerogel
~165° contact angle · Active to 650°C
Superhydrophobic
Stone Wool
Absorbs moisture · Loses insulation efficiency
Absorptive
Glass Wool
Moisture-sensitive · Performance degrades when wet
Absorptive
Standard Aerogels
90–120° · Limited temperature range
Moderate
"In real-world installation, insulation materials are exposed to humidity, condensation, rain, and water contact. A material that loses thermal performance when wet is a material that fails in service. Superhydrophobicity is not an optional feature — it is a performance-critical requirement."
— Applied Materials Engineering Perspective

Fire, Temperature, and
Environmental Resilience

The inorganic silica composition and nano-porous architecture provide inherent resilience against fire, extreme temperatures, thermal shock, and environmental degradation — connecting fundamental material science to demanding real-world conditions.

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Extreme Temperature Range
-200°C to +1300°C
Standard glass wool variant: -200°C to +650°C. Ceramic wool variant extends to 1300°C. This range covers cryogenic operations through extreme high-temperature industrial processes.
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A1 Fire Classification
Non-Combustible
In felt platform context, the material achieves A1 fire class — the highest non-combustibility rating. The inorganic silica composition does not burn, melt, or produce toxic smoke.
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1000°C Flame Endurance
Test Stopped Voluntarily
At 1000°C direct flame, 2cm Levron Felt continued, while 5cm stone wool + 4cm glass wool combined failed at 9 minutes. The test was stopped voluntarily — the material had not failed.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Distributed Stress
Billions of nano-scale pore interfaces distribute thermal stress rather than concentrating it. The material tolerates rapid temperature changes without cracking or structural degradation.
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Low Thermal Expansion
Dimensionally Stable
The open pore network absorbs thermal expansion internally. The material maintains dimensional stability across wide temperature ranges, critical for precision thermal barrier integration.
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Environmental Durability
20+ Year Stability
Inorganic composition resists biological degradation, chemical attack, and UV exposure. Combined with superhydrophobicity, the material maintains performance for decades without maintenance.
Operating Temperature Range — Levron Aerogel Platform
-200°C
Cryogenic
0°C
Ambient
+650°C
Standard
+1000°C
Flame Test
+1300°C
Ceramic Variant

From Microstructure
to Macro Performance

For materials engineers and R&D stakeholders who want to understand the deeper structure-property relationships that make aerogel materials scientifically unique and commercially valuable.

01
Pore Geometry and Network Behavior
Structure → Performance

The performance of aerogel materials is determined primarily by the geometry and connectivity of the pore network. Pore size, pore size distribution, and the tortuosity of the silica skeleton all influence how heat, moisture, and gas interact with the material.

In Levron Aerogel, the average pore diameter of 50–100 nm is specifically engineered to be at or below the mean free path of air molecules at atmospheric pressure (~68 nm for nitrogen). This is the Knudsen regime — where gas molecules collide with pore walls more frequently than with each other, effectively eliminating gas-phase thermal conduction as a heat transfer mechanism.

Knudsen Effect

When pore diameter < mean free path, gas conductivity drops below still air. This is the fundamental physical mechanism behind sub-air thermal conductivity.

Skeletal Tortuosity

The convoluted path through the silica skeleton increases the effective distance for solid-state heat conduction, further reducing the conductive contribution.

02
Porosity, Density, and Heat Transfer Relationships
Interdependent Variables

Porosity, density, and thermal conductivity are interdependent in aerogel systems. As porosity increases above 90%, the solid fraction decreases — reducing both conductive pathway cross-section and material density. However, extremely high porosity can reduce mechanical strength and durability.

Levron's material platform is optimized at the 90–95% porosity range — achieving near-minimum thermal conductivity while maintaining sufficient structural integrity for practical engineering applications. In composite felt format, the density range of 300–1500 kg/m³ reflects the balance between aerogel content, reinforcement type, and application-specific requirements.

Optimal Porosity Window

90–95% porosity represents the engineering sweet spot: maximum thermal performance while maintaining mechanical function.

Density-Conductivity Trade-off

Lower density reduces conduction pathways but can affect handling and integration. Composite formats balance these engineering requirements.

03
Surface Chemistry and Environmental Interaction
Chemistry → Durability

Surface chemistry modifications — primarily organofunctional silane treatments — convert the naturally hydrophilic silica surface into a superhydrophobic surface. This is achieved at the molecular level by grafting non-polar chemical groups onto the pore surfaces throughout the material.

The 165° contact angle reported for Levron Aerogel reflects both the chemical surface modification and the nano-scale surface roughness (Cassie-Baxter state). This dual mechanism means that water droplets rest on a composite air-solid interface, with air trapped beneath the droplet in surface micro-features — creating robust water-repellent behavior that resists mechanical damage.

Cassie-Baxter State

Water sits on air pockets within the surface roughness, creating an ultra-stable superhydrophobic state that persists even after mechanical impact.

Thermal Stability to 650°C

The organosilane treatments maintain hydrophobic function up to 650°C — far exceeding conventional polymer-based water repellent coatings.

04
Multifunctionality from a Single Architecture
Structure → Multiple Functions

One of the most scientifically interesting aspects of aerogel materials is that a single nano-porous architecture simultaneously produces multiple functional properties: thermal insulation, acoustic damping, filtration capability, oleophilic behavior, fire resistance, and environmental stability.

The 700+ m²/gram surface area creates pathways for filtration and adsorption. The oleophilic nature enables oil absorption and separation applications. The acoustic impedance mismatch at billions of solid-gas interfaces provides sound insulation. The air permeability (>90%) allows breathable yet water-blocking behavior. These are not separate engineering features layered together — they emerge naturally from the same underlying material structure.

Filtration & Adsorption

High surface area enables nano/micro-particle capture, heavy metal collection, and oil spill cleanup — extending the material into environmental applications.

Format Flexibility

The same underlying aerogel science can be expressed through different product formats — felt, granules, sheets — each optimized for specific integration requirements.

How Aerogel Science
Changes the Material Equation

Conventional insulation materials rely on bulk fiber entrapment — thick layers of material trapping macro-scale air pockets. Aerogel achieves superior performance through nano-scale physics, enabling thinner, lighter, more durable thermal protection.

Criterion Stone Wool Glass Wool Generic Bulk Insulation Levron Aerogel
Structure Fiber entrapment Fiber entrapment Mixed fiber / foam Nano-porous silica network
Thermal Conductivity 0.035–0.045 W/m·K 0.032–0.044 W/m·K 0.028–0.050 W/m·K 0.012–0.016 W/m·K
Thickness for Equivalent R ~6 cm ~5–6 cm 4–8 cm ~2 cm
Moisture Behavior Absorbs; loses efficiency Absorbs; degrades Generally absorptive 165° superhydrophobic
Weight Impact Heavy Moderate Variable Lightweight (>90% air)
High-Temperature 500–700°C 400–500°C Variable Up to 1300°C (ceramic)
Compact Integration Requires thick layers Requires thick layers Bulky Thin-profile barriers
Multifunctionality Thermal only Thermal only Limited Thermal + hydro + acoustic + filtration
Stone Wool
Conductivity 0.035–0.045
Max Temp 500–700°C
Moisture Absorptive
Thickness ~6 cm
Glass Wool
Conductivity 0.032–0.044
Max Temp 400–500°C
Moisture Absorptive
Thickness ~5–6 cm
Generic Bulk
Conductivity 0.028–0.050
Max Temp Variable
Moisture Generally Poor
Thickness 4–8 cm
Multi-Criteria Performance Comparison
Levron Aerogel
Stone Wool
Glass Wool

From Material Science
to Engineering Value

Every material property described on this page has a direct engineering application. The nano-porous structure that creates low thermal conductivity in the lab translates into thinner, lighter, more durable thermal barriers in real products and systems.

EV Battery Safety
Low conductivity → Cell isolation
Nano-porous thermal barriers between battery cells prevent thermal runaway propagation. Thin profiles maximize energy density. Superhydrophobicity ensures reliability in sealed battery environments.
Explore EV battery safety →
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Battery Pack Fire Barriers
Fire resistance → Containment time
A1 fire-class materials provide critical containment time during thermal events. 1000°C flame endurance at 2cm — dramatically thinner than conventional fire barrier solutions.
Explore fire barriers →
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ESS / BESS
Compact barriers → System density
Energy storage systems require compact thermal management in container-scale installations. Thin, lightweight aerogel barriers protect modules while maximizing available energy volume.
Explore ESS solutions →
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Industrial Thermal Insulation
Thickness efficiency → Space savings
Pipes, boilers, furnace linings, and process equipment insulated with 3x thinner material profiles. High-temperature stability and moisture resistance eliminate maintenance cycles.
Explore industrial solutions →
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Cryogenic Systems
Hydrophobicity → No condensation failure
Operating down to -200°C, Levron Aerogel maintains full thermal performance regardless of ambient humidity. Unlike conventional cryogenic insulation, moisture cannot degrade performance.
Explore cryogenic applications →
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Defense & Special Applications
Multi-property → Mission-critical
When operational environments combine extreme temperatures, weight restrictions, moisture exposure, and fire risk, the multifunctional nature of aerogel becomes mission-critical.
Explore defense applications →

One Material Science Platform,
Multiple Product Formats

Levron Aerogel applies the same underlying nano-porous silica science across multiple product formats and solution categories — each optimized for specific engineering integration requirements.

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Levron Aerogel Felt
Flexible composite thermal barrier sheet. Glass wool or ceramic wool reinforced. Formable, cuttable, application-ready.
Explore Felt →
Levron Aerogel Granules
Precision silica aerogel particles. Fillable, blendable, formable. For loose-fill, composite, and specialty applications.
Explore Granules →
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Thermal Barrier Sheets
Pre-engineered thermal barriers for battery packs, ESS modules, and industrial thermal management systems.
Explore Sheets →
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Custom Solutions
Application-specific designs co-developed with OEMs, system integrators, and engineering teams. From prototype to production.
Discuss Requirements →
Applied to Solution Categories
EV Battery Safety
Cell-to-cell thermal barriers, module isolation, and pack-level fire protection.
Explore →
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Battery Pack Fire Barriers
Passive fire barriers designed to contain thermal runaway events within battery systems.
Explore →
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ESS / BESS
Compact thermal management for container-scale energy storage installations.
Explore →
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Defense & Special
Mission-critical thermal protection for extreme operational environments.
Explore →

Built on Science.
Engineered for Industry.

Levron Aerogel is not just a product supplier — it is an applied materials company that understands the science behind its material platform and translates that science into commercially viable, industrially scalable solutions.

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7 Years of R&D

Thousands of laboratory experiments refined into a mature, production-ready material platform with deep scientific understanding.

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14,000 m² Facility

Integrated production complex combining R&D laboratory, pilot line, and full-scale manufacturing in a single facility.

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Platform Chemistry

Beyond silica aerogel: polymer, metal oxide, carbon, and cellulose aerogel capabilities under active development for next-generation applications.

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Engineering Flexibility

Custom development capability from prototype to production. Application-specific solutions co-developed with OEM engineering teams.

"Levron Aerogel understands its material platform at a serious scientific level — and knows how to turn that understanding into real engineering value for demanding applications."
— Corporate Capability Statement

Material Science
Resource Hub

Technical datasheets, explainers, comparison guides, and engineering resources for deeper exploration of Levron Aerogel's material platform.

Technical Document

Material Science Overview

Comprehensive overview of nano-porous aerogel structure, properties, and engineering applications.

Download PDF →
Data Sheet

Technical Datasheet

Full property data, test methods, and performance specifications for Levron Aerogel products.

Request Access →
Explainer

Thermal Conductivity Explainer

How nano-pore confinement creates sub-air thermal conductivity and what it means for engineering design.

Read Article →
Explainer

Porosity & Structure Guide

Understanding how pore size, porosity, and skeletal structure influence thermal and mechanical behavior.

Read Article →
Explainer

Hydrophobicity Explainer

Superhydrophobic surface chemistry, contact angle science, and why moisture resistance matters in practice.

Read Article →
Comparison

Aerogel vs Conventional Guide

Side-by-side technical comparison with stone wool, glass wool, and generic bulk insulation materials.

Download Guide →
Engineering FAQ — Material Science
Why is aerogel thermal conductivity lower than still air?
Still air has a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.025 W/m·K. Aerogel achieves values as low as 0.012 W/m·K because the nano-scale pores (50–100 nm) are smaller than the mean free path of air molecules (~68 nm). In this regime — known as the Knudsen regime — gas molecules cannot transfer energy efficiently through collisions, and gas-phase conductivity drops significantly below the bulk air value.
What is the difference between platform and product thermal conductivity?
Platform thermal conductivity (0.012–0.016 W/m·K) refers to the pure aerogel material. Product thermal conductivity (e.g., 0.022–0.024 W/m·K for felt) reflects the composite format — aerogel combined with reinforcement fibers. The composite still dramatically outperforms conventional insulation while providing the mechanical properties needed for practical installation.
How does superhydrophobicity affect long-term insulation performance?
Conventional insulation materials can lose 50% or more of their effective thermal resistance when they absorb moisture. The 165° superhydrophobic contact angle on Levron Aerogel means water cannot penetrate the material structure. This ensures that the as-installed thermal performance remains stable throughout the material's 20+ year service life, regardless of environmental humidity, condensation, or water exposure.
Can aerogel be used in both extreme heat and cryogenic applications?
Yes. Levron Aerogel's standard glass wool reinforced configuration operates from -200°C to +650°C. The ceramic wool variant extends to 1300°C. The inorganic silica structure is inherently stable across this entire range, and the superhydrophobic surface treatment prevents condensation issues in cryogenic applications — a significant advantage over conventional cryogenic insulation materials.
What does "multifunctional" mean in the context of aerogel materials?
A single nano-porous aerogel architecture simultaneously provides: thermal insulation, fire resistance, hydrophobicity, acoustic damping, filtration capability, oleophilic behavior, and environmental stability. These are not separate layers or treatments added to the material — they emerge naturally from the same underlying nano-porous silica structure. This inherent multifunctionality can simplify system design and reduce the need for multiple material layers.
Nano-Porous
Having pores in the nanometer range (1–100 nm), smaller than visible light wavelengths.
Thermal Conductivity (λ)
Rate at which heat passes through a material, measured in W/m·K. Lower values = better insulation.
Knudsen Number
Ratio of molecular mean free path to pore diameter. When >1, gas-phase heat transfer is suppressed.
Superhydrophobic
Water contact angle >150°. Water droplets bead up and roll off the surface with minimal adhesion.
Sol-Gel Process
Chemical synthesis route converting molecular precursors into a solid nanomaterial network through gelation.
Porosity
Fraction of material volume occupied by voids/pores. Aerogel porosity typically exceeds 90%.

Explore the Levron Aerogel
Material Platform

From understanding the science to specifying the right product for your application — we're ready to support your engineering exploration.

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Explore Felt

Flexible aerogel composite thermal barrier sheets for demanding applications.

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Explore Granules

Precision silica aerogel particles for fill, blend, and composite applications.

View Product →
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Thermal Barrier Sheets

Pre-engineered barriers for battery, ESS, and industrial thermal management.

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EV Battery Safety

Cell-to-cell and module-level thermal protection for battery systems.

View Solution →
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Talk to an Engineer

Discuss requirements, request samples, or explore custom development.

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